1.
2. SirJohn Mandeville came across some very interesting people groups on his journey. The reason they are so interesting is because, they are very different. For example, on the Isle of Dondun, people eat eachother to figure out if they should be allowed to live. The devil within these people gives the final say regarding the life or death sentence. Another type of "people group" found on another isle have no heads and their eyes are on their shoulders! On Mandevilles other journey, he came across other folk who all had flat, ugly faces. They had two small holes for eyes and a small mouth, with no lips.
Of course, after reading about the first group of folks that Mandeville came across on his journey, I realized that these "people groups" were not real. While reading, I couldnt find any similarities to real people groups, but instead, I just found them to be completely absurd and random. My overal response to this journey is that, it was all imagined and made up! It was rather random and I do not really know how to respond to the absurd "creatons"!
3. Columbus expected a world somewhat, untouched by reality. A world where people were truly free. Free enough to not worry about worldly things and to concentrate on the important things. I do think that his religious background did influence his expectations of the new world. For example, "the people of this island, and of all the others... all go naked, men and women... there are palm-groves, and tree's, and fruits, and plants therein." The description found within "Concerning the First Voyage" are at first, very parallel to the garden of Eden, the place human life all began.
Tuesday, April 7, 2009
Tuesday, March 31, 2009
The Praise of Folly
Within the second paragraph of The Praise of Folly by Erasmus of Rotterdam, he criticizes the church by saying that we as church goers are hiring "some flattering orator or lying poet from whose mouth we may hear their praises, that is to say, mere lies...." Within the first section of Erasmus' piece, he creates an image of a church that is prideful. As the main character, Folly continues, he explains that many rhetoricians think themselves "in a manner gods... and believe they have done a mighty act...." Also, Folly continues saying that the readers of this time continue to just shake their heads and smile acting as if they truely understand the confusion around them, hoping to gain more acknowledgement from their neighbors.
Although there is a certain amount of truth and reality within Erasmus' piece, he looses my agreement when he explains that if men would "but refrain from all commerce with wisdom and give themselves to be governed by me (Folly), they should never know what it were to be old, but solace themselves with a perpetual youth." This is completely not a biblical mentality. Theologically, God created us as being who not only naturally become older, but through the older age, more wisdom is attained. Also, Folly encourages his readers to not commerce with wisdom but rather give themselves up to being irrational, foolish ways. First of all, according to Matthew 16:24, the scriptures explain that we need to be dieing to ourselves to find true life. We should not be giving ourselves up to our own sinful, foolish ways but rather, "giving ourselves up" for the cause of Christ. God pleads time and time again for us to run after wisdom and to seek her face within the Proverbs. In Job 12:12-13, "With the aged is wisdom, and with length of days comes understanding," it reminds us that those who are older have a greater understanding and have wisdom. Overal, Erasmus' The Praise of Folly, is not an accurate reprentation of biblical truth.
There is a large amount of satirical language and tone within Erasmus' piece. His satire is used as he brings up very serious, powerful arguments regarding the church and government. Within the last sentences of The Praise of Folly, Erasmus closes by stating, "I hate a man that remembers what he hears. Wherefore farewell, clap your hands, live and drink lustily, my most excellent disciples of Folly." After writing pages upon pages of strong opinion and controversial idea's, sarcasm is within his last statement. This is exactly what keeps him protected from controversial negative reactions because, although readers may have become worked up in certain sections of this piece, they leave somewhat confused. Satirical language is a very sneaky tool to use when attempting to prove your point. Not only does it help you prove your case in a rather surprising way, but it leaves the reader seeking truth. Satire gets people worked up and yet, they leave with a statement like above, and are able to instead, think about all that was layed before them in a more logical, personal way. This is why using satire within an argument typically keeps the speaker protected from backlash.
Although there is a certain amount of truth and reality within Erasmus' piece, he looses my agreement when he explains that if men would "but refrain from all commerce with wisdom and give themselves to be governed by me (Folly), they should never know what it were to be old, but solace themselves with a perpetual youth." This is completely not a biblical mentality. Theologically, God created us as being who not only naturally become older, but through the older age, more wisdom is attained. Also, Folly encourages his readers to not commerce with wisdom but rather give themselves up to being irrational, foolish ways. First of all, according to Matthew 16:24, the scriptures explain that we need to be dieing to ourselves to find true life. We should not be giving ourselves up to our own sinful, foolish ways but rather, "giving ourselves up" for the cause of Christ. God pleads time and time again for us to run after wisdom and to seek her face within the Proverbs. In Job 12:12-13, "With the aged is wisdom, and with length of days comes understanding," it reminds us that those who are older have a greater understanding and have wisdom. Overal, Erasmus' The Praise of Folly, is not an accurate reprentation of biblical truth.
There is a large amount of satirical language and tone within Erasmus' piece. His satire is used as he brings up very serious, powerful arguments regarding the church and government. Within the last sentences of The Praise of Folly, Erasmus closes by stating, "I hate a man that remembers what he hears. Wherefore farewell, clap your hands, live and drink lustily, my most excellent disciples of Folly." After writing pages upon pages of strong opinion and controversial idea's, sarcasm is within his last statement. This is exactly what keeps him protected from controversial negative reactions because, although readers may have become worked up in certain sections of this piece, they leave somewhat confused. Satirical language is a very sneaky tool to use when attempting to prove your point. Not only does it help you prove your case in a rather surprising way, but it leaves the reader seeking truth. Satire gets people worked up and yet, they leave with a statement like above, and are able to instead, think about all that was layed before them in a more logical, personal way. This is why using satire within an argument typically keeps the speaker protected from backlash.
Monday, March 30, 2009
Don Quixote
Within Miguel de Cervantes piece, Don Quixote, there are many elements of Renaissance-style Humanism. First of all, its important to know what humanism meant during this time period. According to http://www.jcn.com/humanism.html, Renaissance styled humanism is "the spirit of learning that developed and renewed confidence in the ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood." Being that Don Quixote is a story that discusses a man who so deeply immerged himself within fictional stories that he himself now is in a fictitious "reality" as a knight, this enables the readers, such as myself, to determine the truth value of Don Quixote as a knight. Cervantes upholds humanism during his time by allowing the character, Don Quixote to display important knightly characteristics. If Cervantes did not want to uphold Renaissance-style Humanism within this literature, he would not have had Quixote become more knightly as the story progresses. Being that Quixote does progress into a more mature "knight" this forces readers to ask themselves, "is Quixote truely a knight or just a crazy man living in a fantasy world?"
I think the overal attitude the author has towards his main character lessens the opinion readers have in regards to Quixote. There were moments within the piece that it was difficult not to think that Quixote wasnt crazy. Also, one of the ways the writing influenced my opinion was that, i felt sympathy for Quixote which, in the end would be very offensive to a "knight." I do not necessarily think that Quixote is insane and, i confidently do not think that his surroundings make him "appear crazy." Its possible that Quixote started out a little crazy and this is supported by page 2229, "our gentleman became so immersed in his readings... he eventually went out of his mind." Clearly, Quixote did go out of him mind but, I think that towards the end, when he was given support, he really did end up showing very strong characteristics of a knight. Win a dier situation, Quixote did rise to the occasion and not only helped a young boy from being beaten, but also did so with great confidence. This confidence is found on page 2239, "He will do nothing of the sort," said Don Quixote. "It is sufficient for me t command, and he out of respect will obey." It may just be my optimistic ways revealing themselves but, I dont think Quixote was crazy. He was definitely a little odd and could have probably chosen better choices of words in certain situations but, overal, he was just in his own world. In this world of his, he was a knight who wanted to create justice out of injustice.
I think the overal attitude the author has towards his main character lessens the opinion readers have in regards to Quixote. There were moments within the piece that it was difficult not to think that Quixote wasnt crazy. Also, one of the ways the writing influenced my opinion was that, i felt sympathy for Quixote which, in the end would be very offensive to a "knight." I do not necessarily think that Quixote is insane and, i confidently do not think that his surroundings make him "appear crazy." Its possible that Quixote started out a little crazy and this is supported by page 2229, "our gentleman became so immersed in his readings... he eventually went out of his mind." Clearly, Quixote did go out of him mind but, I think that towards the end, when he was given support, he really did end up showing very strong characteristics of a knight. Win a dier situation, Quixote did rise to the occasion and not only helped a young boy from being beaten, but also did so with great confidence. This confidence is found on page 2239, "He will do nothing of the sort," said Don Quixote. "It is sufficient for me t command, and he out of respect will obey." It may just be my optimistic ways revealing themselves but, I dont think Quixote was crazy. He was definitely a little odd and could have probably chosen better choices of words in certain situations but, overal, he was just in his own world. In this world of his, he was a knight who wanted to create justice out of injustice.
Saturday, March 21, 2009
Paradise Lost
1) Paradise Lost differs from the biblical account because of the perspective. Biblically, the writters are men of God who have been inspired by the Holy Spirit. The Bible talks about Satan and his demons but it is never written from Satans perspective. With Paradise Lost, the entire book is from Satan's perspective. An example of this perspective is when Satan says, "Either to disenthrone the King of Heav'n We war, if war by best, or to regain our own right lost... (pg 2566, lines 230-232).
2) I think that the reason Milton wrote Paradise Lost is because he wanted to show another aspect of the fall of man. The descriptions, perspectives and language within Paradise Lost really enhance my understanding of the fall of man. The reason it helps me is because, it shows the mentality of our Enemy. I think that we as Christians sometimes forget that we are in battle grounds. Although with Jesus Christ on our side we are victorious, it is important to remember that we have an Enemy.
3) The relationship between Adam and Eve within Book 4 of Paradise Lost is a relationship of understanding and utter glory! Its beautiful! The relationship was a partnership of freedom. Much of the book 4 is explaining this glory and freedom. For example, lines 290 begin "In naked majesty, seemed lords of all, and worthy seemed; for in their looks devine the image of their glorious Maker shone." Both Adam and Eve had a realization of who their Maker was. "Sole partner and sole part of all these joys, Dearer thyself than all; needs must the power that made us, and for us this ample world, be infinitely good... (412-414)." Another aspect of their relationship was, Adam was the head and Eve was "submissive." According the Genesis 3:16, "Your desire shall be for your husband and he shall rule over." Before the fall Eve did not experience this desire. Their relationship was completely inundated by trust and safety. Adam, "in delight both of her beauty and submissive charms smiled with superior love...."
4) One of the issue's within Paradise Lost is easily applicable to the "contemporary" issues we face today. In Book 9, Even explains to Adam that she is starting to believe their happiness is frail. Adam in response explains that "best are all things as the will of God ordained them...nothing deficient left of all that he created...." Just as Adam had to defend the Lord and his goodness, so we also have to defend our God. Being that life is truely hard as a result of the fall, we will always be having to reclaim the truths of our God. We need to encourage eachother when one is discouraged. Society has a difficult time believing in God because of the pain and hurt around them and just as Adam encouraged Eve, so we also have to "encourage" and live out the power of God and his love to the world around us.
2) I think that the reason Milton wrote Paradise Lost is because he wanted to show another aspect of the fall of man. The descriptions, perspectives and language within Paradise Lost really enhance my understanding of the fall of man. The reason it helps me is because, it shows the mentality of our Enemy. I think that we as Christians sometimes forget that we are in battle grounds. Although with Jesus Christ on our side we are victorious, it is important to remember that we have an Enemy.
3) The relationship between Adam and Eve within Book 4 of Paradise Lost is a relationship of understanding and utter glory! Its beautiful! The relationship was a partnership of freedom. Much of the book 4 is explaining this glory and freedom. For example, lines 290 begin "In naked majesty, seemed lords of all, and worthy seemed; for in their looks devine the image of their glorious Maker shone." Both Adam and Eve had a realization of who their Maker was. "Sole partner and sole part of all these joys, Dearer thyself than all; needs must the power that made us, and for us this ample world, be infinitely good... (412-414)." Another aspect of their relationship was, Adam was the head and Eve was "submissive." According the Genesis 3:16, "Your desire shall be for your husband and he shall rule over." Before the fall Eve did not experience this desire. Their relationship was completely inundated by trust and safety. Adam, "in delight both of her beauty and submissive charms smiled with superior love...."
4) One of the issue's within Paradise Lost is easily applicable to the "contemporary" issues we face today. In Book 9, Even explains to Adam that she is starting to believe their happiness is frail. Adam in response explains that "best are all things as the will of God ordained them...nothing deficient left of all that he created...." Just as Adam had to defend the Lord and his goodness, so we also have to defend our God. Being that life is truely hard as a result of the fall, we will always be having to reclaim the truths of our God. We need to encourage eachother when one is discouraged. Society has a difficult time believing in God because of the pain and hurt around them and just as Adam encouraged Eve, so we also have to "encourage" and live out the power of God and his love to the world around us.
Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Everyman
Everyman, written by Dramatis Personae is overflowing with not only biblical references and idea's but also catholic ideas. This story grately reminds me of the infamous Pilgrims Progress. First of all, this story is about a man who goes on a journey. He is sought out by God to go on a journey where he will see all of his good deeds and also his evilness. Just as we are also sought out by God to go on specific journeys, this man was also. Another truth within this story is found within the desolate, lonely Everyman. Just as Everyman was left alone, we also as followes of Jesus Christ may find ourselves "shunned" by the world. God is the only one we can truely count on to see us through. People will disappoint us but Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever. "In the House of Salvation: We shall find him in that place that shall us comfort, by God's grace (lines 540-545, 1835)."
Not only were biblical truths found within this story but Catholocism also. For example, Everyman makes many references to Mary, the Saints and also to Good Deeds. Although in the end he communes directly to the Lord, he does turn to Mary and other finite beings for the salvation that only is found within Jesus. An example of this is found on page 1830. Everyman says "Of all my works I must show, How I have lived and my days spent... Therefore I pray you go thither with me to help me make mine account, for saint charity."
This story shows alot about the culture during that time period but it is also contemporary and relevant to today. Being that the culture back then was very much impacted by the Catholic church and the idea of "earning" your salvation, this theme is very popular within the piece. Also, Catholic terminology is found within Everyman, words such as penance, confession, saints, the names of the characters.
Aside from the medieval culture idealogies, this continues to be a piece of work that is relevant to modern times. I think the main reason it will always be relevant is because, we as finite human beings will always be on a "journey" and that journey is also known as life. Just as Everyman was attempting to find answers and hope, we as people do that everyday. People take comfort in reading stories such as Everyman because it reminds them that they are no alone in the journeys we find ourselves on. Know matter the era or the year, people will always be able to relate to the "journey" of life, the search for significance and most importantly, salvation.
Not only were biblical truths found within this story but Catholocism also. For example, Everyman makes many references to Mary, the Saints and also to Good Deeds. Although in the end he communes directly to the Lord, he does turn to Mary and other finite beings for the salvation that only is found within Jesus. An example of this is found on page 1830. Everyman says "Of all my works I must show, How I have lived and my days spent... Therefore I pray you go thither with me to help me make mine account, for saint charity."
This story shows alot about the culture during that time period but it is also contemporary and relevant to today. Being that the culture back then was very much impacted by the Catholic church and the idea of "earning" your salvation, this theme is very popular within the piece. Also, Catholic terminology is found within Everyman, words such as penance, confession, saints, the names of the characters.
Aside from the medieval culture idealogies, this continues to be a piece of work that is relevant to modern times. I think the main reason it will always be relevant is because, we as finite human beings will always be on a "journey" and that journey is also known as life. Just as Everyman was attempting to find answers and hope, we as people do that everyday. People take comfort in reading stories such as Everyman because it reminds them that they are no alone in the journeys we find ourselves on. Know matter the era or the year, people will always be able to relate to the "journey" of life, the search for significance and most importantly, salvation.
Lanval
According to the second paragraph within Lanval, written by Marie De France, Lanval was a man who served the King with much humilty. He was a man of "valor, generosity, beauty and prowess (1318)." Although within the Medieval Time period being of high esteem is of great value, one of the other characteristics of Lanval was less honorable. Lanval was consumed by his love for the maiden introduced at the end of the story. "It is my beloved! If she shows me no mercy, I hardly care if anyone should kill me, for my cure is in seeing her (1323)." Within this particular time period, such "head-over-heals" love is not necessarily looked upon with respect. In due time such vulnerability and passion would be recognized as strength but at this point in time, it is not. Another strong character displayed within Lanval is his strength to disregard the strong notions the Queen was giving him. Aside from Lanvals deep passions for his true love, the other characteristics discussed (status and strength) are placed at high value within the Medieval Time period.
Although there were many women within the piece and not only were they just "in the story" but they also played a large role within the story, I do not think this was a femenist piece. The main reason that I do not think that this story was feminist is because Lanvals deep, committed love he had for the maiden. Although typically this would work against my argument, the Medieval Time's were on a brink of change. I think the author was trying to portray Lanval in a positive light. When a man demonstrated his love freely to his maiden, it showed his strength because he was blatently going against those around him, mainly the church.
Although there were many women within the piece and not only were they just "in the story" but they also played a large role within the story, I do not think this was a femenist piece. The main reason that I do not think that this story was feminist is because Lanvals deep, committed love he had for the maiden. Although typically this would work against my argument, the Medieval Time's were on a brink of change. I think the author was trying to portray Lanval in a positive light. When a man demonstrated his love freely to his maiden, it showed his strength because he was blatently going against those around him, mainly the church.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
The Cantebury Tales
Feminism within The Wife of Bath's Tale"
Some of the feminist ideal's found within this story written by Chaucer is that, women "desure to have the sovereignty and sit in rule and government above their husbands and to have their way in love." Also another feministic idea is that the woman is completely okay that her husband leaves her for younger, youthful virgins to satisfy what God has "called us to."
The woman from Bath grately contrasts to the women of the Medieval Times. The women during that time period longed for their husbands. They were not ready to just let them go and have relations with other younger, "better" women. Another thing that is so different is the attitudes of these women. The woman from Bath has basically hardened her heart and just wants control. "A husband, though-- I've not been thwarted yet-- shall always be my debtor and my slave. " It may look like she just wants sex but, it is so much deeper than that. She wants control and to know that she is able to get what she wants, when she wants it. She also has no sensitivity towards these men that she is manipulating into "love." The women studied within the Medieval Time period had dignity. They valued who they were and in my opinion, were stronger women than this woman from Bath.
The Miller's Tale
I do not see much correlation between The Miller's Tale and the Medieval Ages. Being that I have to choose atleast one similarity, it would have to choose common thread of deciet. For example, this deciet can be found within the following lines: "My husband is so full of jealousy, unless you will await me secretly... You must keep all quite hidden in this case." Clearly this is a woman of little integrity and committment. She is an adulterer and her husband is just backslidden. They together make a fool out of the man who attempts to sleep (once more time) with Allison. This seems to be the norm for these people and in the Medieval Time period, such was not the case.
Some of the feminist ideal's found within this story written by Chaucer is that, women "desure to have the sovereignty and sit in rule and government above their husbands and to have their way in love." Also another feministic idea is that the woman is completely okay that her husband leaves her for younger, youthful virgins to satisfy what God has "called us to."
The woman from Bath grately contrasts to the women of the Medieval Times. The women during that time period longed for their husbands. They were not ready to just let them go and have relations with other younger, "better" women. Another thing that is so different is the attitudes of these women. The woman from Bath has basically hardened her heart and just wants control. "A husband, though-- I've not been thwarted yet-- shall always be my debtor and my slave. " It may look like she just wants sex but, it is so much deeper than that. She wants control and to know that she is able to get what she wants, when she wants it. She also has no sensitivity towards these men that she is manipulating into "love." The women studied within the Medieval Time period had dignity. They valued who they were and in my opinion, were stronger women than this woman from Bath.
The Miller's Tale
I do not see much correlation between The Miller's Tale and the Medieval Ages. Being that I have to choose atleast one similarity, it would have to choose common thread of deciet. For example, this deciet can be found within the following lines: "My husband is so full of jealousy, unless you will await me secretly... You must keep all quite hidden in this case." Clearly this is a woman of little integrity and committment. She is an adulterer and her husband is just backslidden. They together make a fool out of the man who attempts to sleep (once more time) with Allison. This seems to be the norm for these people and in the Medieval Time period, such was not the case.
Saturday, February 28, 2009
Sir Gawain
Chivalry and Religion
This story displays alot of chivalry and says alot about the religion at this time. In the beginning I was not sure how the men and women were going to be interacting but, towards the end of the piece, I came to the conclusion that there was alot of chivalry demonstrated. For example, on page 1680, "That lovely lady comes laughing sweet, Sinks down at his side, and salutes him with a kiss. He accords her fair welcome in courtliest style; He sees her so glorious...". Not only is there a sense of mutual respect and love, but it also seems as if the lady feels safe. True chivalry, courteous behavior, allows the woman to feel valued and safe. This is not only seen on page 1680 but also in the beginning Sir Gawain, when both the men and women were gathered together. The story paints a picture where both men and women are together and their is self-control, respect and maturity. I think the author of this piece was trying to say about Chivalry was that, it is a necessity. Women love to be treated courteously, especially by men. This makes us feel valued and cherished.
Another motif within this piece is that of religion. It seems like me like the religion of this time was of high importance. Found on page 1675 is a rather common line within Sir Gawain. "Then he rose from his rest and made ready for mass." Being that Gawain does rise and get ready for mass displays an actual desire to go to mass and to have his beliefs be apart of his life. Another reason why I think that religion was something more than just a "check list" is because, the name of God is seen very often. For example, "God love you, gracious lady!" or "He commended him to Christ," give us the idea that the religion of this time was rather a lifestyle.
Something else that I notice within this piece is the gathering of the community. The first few pages of this piece describe a social gathering among the royal people of this time period and I find that this is important. The people were getting together and were socializing, which resulted in the men not only learning more about the women but also visa-versa. Because of the socializing, this created a good atmosphere for people to get to know eachother, fellowship and become mature individuals.
This story displays alot of chivalry and says alot about the religion at this time. In the beginning I was not sure how the men and women were going to be interacting but, towards the end of the piece, I came to the conclusion that there was alot of chivalry demonstrated. For example, on page 1680, "That lovely lady comes laughing sweet, Sinks down at his side, and salutes him with a kiss. He accords her fair welcome in courtliest style; He sees her so glorious...". Not only is there a sense of mutual respect and love, but it also seems as if the lady feels safe. True chivalry, courteous behavior, allows the woman to feel valued and safe. This is not only seen on page 1680 but also in the beginning Sir Gawain, when both the men and women were gathered together. The story paints a picture where both men and women are together and their is self-control, respect and maturity. I think the author of this piece was trying to say about Chivalry was that, it is a necessity. Women love to be treated courteously, especially by men. This makes us feel valued and cherished.
Another motif within this piece is that of religion. It seems like me like the religion of this time was of high importance. Found on page 1675 is a rather common line within Sir Gawain. "Then he rose from his rest and made ready for mass." Being that Gawain does rise and get ready for mass displays an actual desire to go to mass and to have his beliefs be apart of his life. Another reason why I think that religion was something more than just a "check list" is because, the name of God is seen very often. For example, "God love you, gracious lady!" or "He commended him to Christ," give us the idea that the religion of this time was rather a lifestyle.
Something else that I notice within this piece is the gathering of the community. The first few pages of this piece describe a social gathering among the royal people of this time period and I find that this is important. The people were getting together and were socializing, which resulted in the men not only learning more about the women but also visa-versa. Because of the socializing, this created a good atmosphere for people to get to know eachother, fellowship and become mature individuals.
Medieval Women
Women "inferior" to Men
The main reason that women were titled "inferior to men" is because of the passage in the Bible, Genesis 3:16, that says, "she shall be under the man's power." Other reasons that people justify thinking women are inferior to men is because of the way we as women were created. God created us to be man's help mate, supporter and encourager. Unfortunately, in many area's in the world, these characteristics of women tend to work towards our disadvantage. I do think that these misconceptions about women are still very prevelant even today. Although we have come so far as a country and we as people have been given such amazing opportunities, I still can see in certain mentalities that women are looked down upon as the lesser gender. I think this is easily detected in the mentality of the men around us. I think that certian men think that we as women are replaceable and are just emotionally driven burdens that are only good for one thing, to give them sex. I do not place all of the responsibility on the men because, we as women have become blinded to who GOD created us to be and are living under the burdens of these lies around us.
I think that we as a people tend to think women are inferior to men because of the culture around us. We live in a culture where value comes from your success. Success depends on how much money you are making. I strongly believe that although we as women are capable and are given the ability to work and make money to support our family, I do believe that a mast majority of that responsibility should be the husbands. Therefore, when a woman is at home with her children or is only working part time, the value the world places on her is less and I tend to think that for some men, they also think less of that woman. This mentality will lead to a road of women feeling inferior to men.
Arguments
Some of the arguments that could easily contradict the stereotypes and negative connotations given to women are either strong or weak. An example of a weak argument, found within the Medieval Women section of our text book, The Norton Anthology, Western Literature, states that women were made from man, and man was made in the image of God. Because women were not made from the image of God but from man, this makes them more inferior to man. This is a very weak argument because, many times within the Bible the word "man" is used in a way that includes all people, man and woman. I believe that when the Word of God says that man was created in the image of God, this is referring to both man and woman.
A strong argument that is contrary to the stereotypes placed on women is the story, Joan or Arc. This young woman, roughly 17 years old, completely opposes the mentality men had toward women, especially in the Middle Ages. As stated in the first parargraph on page 1843, men believed that women were emotion, body, nature and disorderely while men were intellect, culture and self-controlled. Joan of Arc was all 6 of these characteristics. She was a woman who not only was emotion driven but she also was very intellectual. She was self-controlled, brave and strong. This is a very strong argument that contradicts the stereotypes placed over women. No one should categorize another person based on their sex. Both men and women are human beings and because of that, we are able to make decisions and our decisions is what determines our character.
The main reason that women were titled "inferior to men" is because of the passage in the Bible, Genesis 3:16, that says, "she shall be under the man's power." Other reasons that people justify thinking women are inferior to men is because of the way we as women were created. God created us to be man's help mate, supporter and encourager. Unfortunately, in many area's in the world, these characteristics of women tend to work towards our disadvantage. I do think that these misconceptions about women are still very prevelant even today. Although we have come so far as a country and we as people have been given such amazing opportunities, I still can see in certain mentalities that women are looked down upon as the lesser gender. I think this is easily detected in the mentality of the men around us. I think that certian men think that we as women are replaceable and are just emotionally driven burdens that are only good for one thing, to give them sex. I do not place all of the responsibility on the men because, we as women have become blinded to who GOD created us to be and are living under the burdens of these lies around us.
I think that we as a people tend to think women are inferior to men because of the culture around us. We live in a culture where value comes from your success. Success depends on how much money you are making. I strongly believe that although we as women are capable and are given the ability to work and make money to support our family, I do believe that a mast majority of that responsibility should be the husbands. Therefore, when a woman is at home with her children or is only working part time, the value the world places on her is less and I tend to think that for some men, they also think less of that woman. This mentality will lead to a road of women feeling inferior to men.
Arguments
Some of the arguments that could easily contradict the stereotypes and negative connotations given to women are either strong or weak. An example of a weak argument, found within the Medieval Women section of our text book, The Norton Anthology, Western Literature, states that women were made from man, and man was made in the image of God. Because women were not made from the image of God but from man, this makes them more inferior to man. This is a very weak argument because, many times within the Bible the word "man" is used in a way that includes all people, man and woman. I believe that when the Word of God says that man was created in the image of God, this is referring to both man and woman.
A strong argument that is contrary to the stereotypes placed on women is the story, Joan or Arc. This young woman, roughly 17 years old, completely opposes the mentality men had toward women, especially in the Middle Ages. As stated in the first parargraph on page 1843, men believed that women were emotion, body, nature and disorderely while men were intellect, culture and self-controlled. Joan of Arc was all 6 of these characteristics. She was a woman who not only was emotion driven but she also was very intellectual. She was self-controlled, brave and strong. This is a very strong argument that contradicts the stereotypes placed over women. No one should categorize another person based on their sex. Both men and women are human beings and because of that, we are able to make decisions and our decisions is what determines our character.
Sunday, February 22, 2009
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Antigone
Creons Persistence.
"Is that so? Now by heaven, I promise you, you'll pay-- taunting, insulting me! Bring her out, that hateful-- she will die now, here, in front of his (Haemon) eyes, beside her groom!
According to this section above, found on page 673, lines 852-854, Creon is not only very persistent in killing Antigone because his son Haemon, is defender her, therefore frustrating the King; his father is also persistent because of the Greek values placed on such an offense done by Antigone.
The reason it was so offensive is because Antigone's brother was known as a traitor. In the Greek culture only true hero's deserved a proper burial service. Creon is baffled that someone would not only go against his wishes but would actually honor a traitor. "The hero who came to burn their (the gods) temples ringed with pillars, their golden treasures-- scorch their hallowed earth and fling their laws to the wings. Exactly when did you last see the gods celebrating traitors?" Once Creon found out who actually did this proper, honorable burial service, He was vivid and that is why he was so furious and persistent to put Antigone to death. I do not believe that Antigone actually regrets her specific actions because on page 676 she states, "But still I go, cherishing one good hope: my arrival may be dear to father... my loving brother, Eteocles-- When you died I washed you with my hands, I dressed you all... Nevertheless I honored you-- decent will admit it--well wisely too." She does not regret giving her beloved brother a proper, honorable burial service. Even though she isnt remorseful, she is very frightened and is in despair knowing she and her fiance will never be able to get married.
Sophocles View
One of the main themes within this peice that is heavily stressed is loyalty and possibly, the lack there of. Loyalty within the family is of great importance to Antigone. She is led to her tomb with her head held high knowing she honored her brother and made her parents proud. Because Antigone ended the way it did, Creon is great despair, I believe that Sophocles did favor a particular side. Antigone, although also in great despair, was led to her tomb with dignity for she herself did what she believed was right and moral. As for Creon, He was a King, who only truely did as He pleased. He didnt even take into consideration his son and his love for Antigone. Therefore, I think that Sophocles sided with Antigone and this possibly means that Sophocles himself values the strength individuals have. He respects those who are willing to go against the waters and fight for what they believe in and feel convicted about even though the odds are all against you!
"Is that so? Now by heaven, I promise you, you'll pay-- taunting, insulting me! Bring her out, that hateful-- she will die now, here, in front of his (Haemon) eyes, beside her groom!
According to this section above, found on page 673, lines 852-854, Creon is not only very persistent in killing Antigone because his son Haemon, is defender her, therefore frustrating the King; his father is also persistent because of the Greek values placed on such an offense done by Antigone.
The reason it was so offensive is because Antigone's brother was known as a traitor. In the Greek culture only true hero's deserved a proper burial service. Creon is baffled that someone would not only go against his wishes but would actually honor a traitor. "The hero who came to burn their (the gods) temples ringed with pillars, their golden treasures-- scorch their hallowed earth and fling their laws to the wings. Exactly when did you last see the gods celebrating traitors?" Once Creon found out who actually did this proper, honorable burial service, He was vivid and that is why he was so furious and persistent to put Antigone to death. I do not believe that Antigone actually regrets her specific actions because on page 676 she states, "But still I go, cherishing one good hope: my arrival may be dear to father... my loving brother, Eteocles-- When you died I washed you with my hands, I dressed you all... Nevertheless I honored you-- decent will admit it--well wisely too." She does not regret giving her beloved brother a proper, honorable burial service. Even though she isnt remorseful, she is very frightened and is in despair knowing she and her fiance will never be able to get married.
Sophocles View
One of the main themes within this peice that is heavily stressed is loyalty and possibly, the lack there of. Loyalty within the family is of great importance to Antigone. She is led to her tomb with her head held high knowing she honored her brother and made her parents proud. Because Antigone ended the way it did, Creon is great despair, I believe that Sophocles did favor a particular side. Antigone, although also in great despair, was led to her tomb with dignity for she herself did what she believed was right and moral. As for Creon, He was a King, who only truely did as He pleased. He didnt even take into consideration his son and his love for Antigone. Therefore, I think that Sophocles sided with Antigone and this possibly means that Sophocles himself values the strength individuals have. He respects those who are willing to go against the waters and fight for what they believe in and feel convicted about even though the odds are all against you!
Saturday, February 7, 2009
Oedipus the King
Values and Ideas
One of the values seen within Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is the value of origin. Within this story, Oedipus was in search of his parents. Found on page 640, lines 1183 is proof of this importance. "Let it burst! Whatever will, whatever must! I must know my birth, no matter how common it may be-- I must see my origings face-to-face." Something else that is proven regarding the gods is that they require a "price." "I cry your wild cries, Apollo, Healer of Delos I worship you in dread... what now, what is your price? some new sacrifice?" What is valued is the favor of the gods. Obviously, being that this people group believes all things come from these gods, it is all in the gods control. Having good happen would corralate to having good favor with them, the gods control their fate.
Hero?
I do not believe that the Greek standard would place Oedipus at the level of a hero. While searching for lines within this piece that would prove this statement, I went to the last words of Oedipus. The last thing we see this King do is plead with his guards. "No- don't take them (daughters) away from me, not now! No no no!" Although in the beginning Sophocles portrayed Oedipus as a hero, someone who had in the past saved the city. On page 613, lines 57-60, the priest attempts to rebuild the Kings stamina by reminded him of the past. "Act, defend yourself, your former glory! Your country calls you savior now for your zeal, your action years ago." Each of the hero's that we have discussed in class have ended with courage and integrity. Yes, Oedipus began his Kingship with heroism, but he was last depicted as a weak, troubled King. Therefore, I dont think that neither Sophocles or his fellow Greeks would title Oedipus as a Hero.
One of the values seen within Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is the value of origin. Within this story, Oedipus was in search of his parents. Found on page 640, lines 1183 is proof of this importance. "Let it burst! Whatever will, whatever must! I must know my birth, no matter how common it may be-- I must see my origings face-to-face." Something else that is proven regarding the gods is that they require a "price." "I cry your wild cries, Apollo, Healer of Delos I worship you in dread... what now, what is your price? some new sacrifice?" What is valued is the favor of the gods. Obviously, being that this people group believes all things come from these gods, it is all in the gods control. Having good happen would corralate to having good favor with them, the gods control their fate.
Hero?
I do not believe that the Greek standard would place Oedipus at the level of a hero. While searching for lines within this piece that would prove this statement, I went to the last words of Oedipus. The last thing we see this King do is plead with his guards. "No- don't take them (daughters) away from me, not now! No no no!" Although in the beginning Sophocles portrayed Oedipus as a hero, someone who had in the past saved the city. On page 613, lines 57-60, the priest attempts to rebuild the Kings stamina by reminded him of the past. "Act, defend yourself, your former glory! Your country calls you savior now for your zeal, your action years ago." Each of the hero's that we have discussed in class have ended with courage and integrity. Yes, Oedipus began his Kingship with heroism, but he was last depicted as a weak, troubled King. Therefore, I dont think that neither Sophocles or his fellow Greeks would title Oedipus as a Hero.
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Lysistrata
Lysistrata Women
In the beginning of this piece, the women are empowered and are willing to fight for the peace of Greece. Once convinced that enabling peace was a very important thing to the women, they were willing to make a sacrifice, no matter how large. This dedication can be seen within the words of Myrrhine, "... though I must be split in two like a flat-fish, and have half myself removed," she was willing to take part in Lysistrata's plan. The women are ready to take action and do what it takes to have their men be at peace. This is rather consistent with women in the Greek culture back then because, they more than likely were extremely lonesome and in need of their husbands companionship and love. Another way that this is consistent with the women of this time in Greece is because, they were very strong. Being that this culture was war inundated, the women became more war minded. Just as their husbands were fighting for something they so strongly believed in, the women were ready to do the same. In this beginning the women were depicted as strong and committed. Once they found out exactly what they were to sacrifice, things took a turn in the opposite direction. They women were portrayed to be longing for their husbands and their return. They wanted to go back to their homes, take care of their children and share a bed with their husbands. Although I think that there are alot of similarities with Lysistrata of Greece and women in today's world, I also think that when compared to a woman in the 21st century dealing with a man threatening to abuse her, instead of being controlled and manipulated, Lysistrata does not back down. Another way that I think she defy's the stereotypes women hold is her honesty. For example, in the beginning she is vulnerable with the women and explains that she desires to change the ways of the female race. Lysistrata blushes for her sex and asks the women a question: "Don't you feel sad and sorry because the fathers of your children are far away from you with the army?" Many women in today's world do not like to be vulnerable.
Greek Culture
When reading Lysistrata, many cultural values are revealed. Something that the men within the Greek culture valued was victory in war. Also, according to the bottom of page 13, we discover than money is something that is valued. It is of great value to administer the treasury which explains the 2 page argument held between Magistrate and Lysistrata. The last cultural importance I would like to discuss is the value of the gods. Although the women were the ones who so deliberately manipulated the men, credit or in the men's case, anger was given to the Greek goddess, Aphrodite. This is consistent to the Greek culture in that, the gods and goddesses were in able to make things happen as they so desired. The value of victory in war is not only seen within Lysistrata but also the actual culture of Greece. War was something extremely valuable to the Ancient World.
Personal Response
I am glad that you gave us the chance to share our personal response. I think that the play was extremely worldly and did a great job (unintentionally) at not only depicting the ways of the world back in ancient times, but unfortunately this play did a good job depicting the ways of fallen man in the 21st century. While reading, it was difficult not to be excited for the women to step up and take action but, I believe that it showed that the women were just as sex hungry as the men. Although when married it is extremely important to have intimacy with your husband, the mentality taken on by the women was that of control. I disagree with the way the women went about making the men gain peace. There were characteristics within Lysistrata that I value, for example, her ability to lead women to take action for something they believe in, also her courage, but once again, her mind was warped along with the other characters within this piece. Sex is not something that you use as a means to manipulate and control your spouse. Towards the end, I like to believe that the husbands and wives were longing to be with one another aside from just sexual pleasure but rather to be united and exemplify faithfulness and unity within marriage.... I am not exactly convinced though!
In the beginning of this piece, the women are empowered and are willing to fight for the peace of Greece. Once convinced that enabling peace was a very important thing to the women, they were willing to make a sacrifice, no matter how large. This dedication can be seen within the words of Myrrhine, "... though I must be split in two like a flat-fish, and have half myself removed," she was willing to take part in Lysistrata's plan. The women are ready to take action and do what it takes to have their men be at peace. This is rather consistent with women in the Greek culture back then because, they more than likely were extremely lonesome and in need of their husbands companionship and love. Another way that this is consistent with the women of this time in Greece is because, they were very strong. Being that this culture was war inundated, the women became more war minded. Just as their husbands were fighting for something they so strongly believed in, the women were ready to do the same. In this beginning the women were depicted as strong and committed. Once they found out exactly what they were to sacrifice, things took a turn in the opposite direction. They women were portrayed to be longing for their husbands and their return. They wanted to go back to their homes, take care of their children and share a bed with their husbands. Although I think that there are alot of similarities with Lysistrata of Greece and women in today's world, I also think that when compared to a woman in the 21st century dealing with a man threatening to abuse her, instead of being controlled and manipulated, Lysistrata does not back down. Another way that I think she defy's the stereotypes women hold is her honesty. For example, in the beginning she is vulnerable with the women and explains that she desires to change the ways of the female race. Lysistrata blushes for her sex and asks the women a question: "Don't you feel sad and sorry because the fathers of your children are far away from you with the army?" Many women in today's world do not like to be vulnerable.
Greek Culture
When reading Lysistrata, many cultural values are revealed. Something that the men within the Greek culture valued was victory in war. Also, according to the bottom of page 13, we discover than money is something that is valued. It is of great value to administer the treasury which explains the 2 page argument held between Magistrate and Lysistrata. The last cultural importance I would like to discuss is the value of the gods. Although the women were the ones who so deliberately manipulated the men, credit or in the men's case, anger was given to the Greek goddess, Aphrodite. This is consistent to the Greek culture in that, the gods and goddesses were in able to make things happen as they so desired. The value of victory in war is not only seen within Lysistrata but also the actual culture of Greece. War was something extremely valuable to the Ancient World.
Personal Response
I am glad that you gave us the chance to share our personal response. I think that the play was extremely worldly and did a great job (unintentionally) at not only depicting the ways of the world back in ancient times, but unfortunately this play did a good job depicting the ways of fallen man in the 21st century. While reading, it was difficult not to be excited for the women to step up and take action but, I believe that it showed that the women were just as sex hungry as the men. Although when married it is extremely important to have intimacy with your husband, the mentality taken on by the women was that of control. I disagree with the way the women went about making the men gain peace. There were characteristics within Lysistrata that I value, for example, her ability to lead women to take action for something they believe in, also her courage, but once again, her mind was warped along with the other characters within this piece. Sex is not something that you use as a means to manipulate and control your spouse. Towards the end, I like to believe that the husbands and wives were longing to be with one another aside from just sexual pleasure but rather to be united and exemplify faithfulness and unity within marriage.... I am not exactly convinced though!
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
a) There are many different times that Odysseus shows cunning behavior but the one scene that sticks out the greatest in my mind is when he names himself "Nobody" when convincing the Cyclops to drink some of his wine (pg 310, lines 408-411). Being that this was a rather serious moment, a moment of life or death, I do not believe that Odysseus' character should be questioned. Although, in my mind this was an excusable situation for Odysseus, there are other moments where I believe his character could be questioned. For example, only moments after the men drove the stake into the eye of the monster, still in an extremely dangerous situation, Odysseus begins to laugh about how cunning he had been (pg 311, lines 461-463)! Many times, he himself refers to being cunning. This is where his heroism could be questioned. Although He was a hero and courageous, I believe that the true hero's are humble and by all means, they do not have a heart of laughter while staring death in the face. He had many life's in his hands and should have been more focused on those around him and not his own cunning ways. Therefore, I think it does make him less heroic.
b) One of the things that the grotesque details tell us about the Greeks is that they were used to not only hearing about such graphic scenes but also they were used to visually experiencing such grotesque things. War was a very prevalent thing in Ancient Greece. According to www.ancientgreece.com, there were 6 different wars that enveloped this people group. Although Homer was extremely detailed in the way He described the gruesome pain Cyclops experienced, I do not think it was to detailed for the people of Greece. The reason I do not think he was to detailed is because, I would imagine the people were used to such language as well as reality. Once again, war was something that inundated this people group. From what I gather, especially from Homer's piece is that such brutality is celebrated. One of the main reasons it is celebrated is because Odysseus and his men were able to escape because of their extreme actions. I suppose it is only appropriate for these men, to deeply explain their victory, success and bravery in such detail. This enabled those around Odysseus to truly experience and grasp the intensity of such a moment.
b) One of the things that the grotesque details tell us about the Greeks is that they were used to not only hearing about such graphic scenes but also they were used to visually experiencing such grotesque things. War was a very prevalent thing in Ancient Greece. According to www.ancientgreece.com, there were 6 different wars that enveloped this people group. Although Homer was extremely detailed in the way He described the gruesome pain Cyclops experienced, I do not think it was to detailed for the people of Greece. The reason I do not think he was to detailed is because, I would imagine the people were used to such language as well as reality. Once again, war was something that inundated this people group. From what I gather, especially from Homer's piece is that such brutality is celebrated. One of the main reasons it is celebrated is because Odysseus and his men were able to escape because of their extreme actions. I suppose it is only appropriate for these men, to deeply explain their victory, success and bravery in such detail. This enabled those around Odysseus to truly experience and grasp the intensity of such a moment.
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